This study is investigated the characteristics and the comparison on blackware and whiteware at Gilmyeong-ri kilns, located Poncheon-si, Geonggi province at AD 19c using scientific analysis. It is measured by scientific analysis classified as microstructure observation, physical methods which involved chromaticity, specific gravity, absorption ratio and porosity, and chemical analysis of components of body and glaze. As a result, a particle and a pore of body surface appeared differently by the degree of vitrification. In glaze, Blackware have better on good vitrification than whiteware in the microstructure observation. The physical characteristics of chromaticity, specific gravity, absorption ratio and porosity differed according to degree of vitrification rather than porcelain types. In composition, body of blackware have higher ratio of Fe2O3 and TiO2 than of whiteware. Also glaze of blackware have higher ratio of Fe2O3 and TiO2, and lower ratio of SiO2 and Al2O3 than whiteware. Especially, blackware have higher ratio in the composition of CaO and P2O5 by which ash is used or not.